What is an airport city and why is it important?
Airports are no longer just places to catch a plane or pick up some duty-free. They are becoming urban centres that offer a variety of services and amenities for passengers, businesses and communities. These urban centres are called airport cities, and they are transforming the way we travel, work and live.
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In this article, we will explore the definition and concept of an airport city, look at some examples of airport cities around the world, examine the challenges and opportunities for airport city development, and discuss the future of airport cities and aerotropolises.
Definition and concept of an airport city
The evolution of airports from transport hubs to urban centres
An airport city is the inside the fence area of a large airport, including the airport terminals and on-airport businesses such as air cargo, logistics, offices, retail, and hotels. The airport city is at the core of an aerotropolis, a metropolitan subregion whose infrastructure, land use, and economy are centred on an airport.
The concept of an aerotropolis was first used by New York commercial artist Nicholas DeSantis in 1939, who drew a skyscraper rooftop airport in the city. The term was repurposed by air commerce researcher John D. Kasarda in 2000, based on his prior research on airport-driven economic development.
According to Kasarda, airports have evolved as drivers of business location and urban development in the 21st century, in the same way as highways did in the 20th century, railroads in the 19th century, and seaports in the 18th century. The engine of the aerotropolis is the airport and its air routes, which offer firms speedy connectivity to their suppliers, customers, and enterprise partners.
The benefits of airport cities for passengers, businesses and communities
Airport cities offer many benefits for different stakeholders. For passengers, airport cities provide convenience, comfort, choice, and experience. They can enjoy a range of services and amenities before or after their flight, such as shopping, dining, entertainment, wellness, culture, or education. They can also access other modes of transport easily, such as rail, bus, or car.
For businesses, airport cities offer competitiveness, efficiency, innovation, and growth. They can take advantage of the proximity to the airport and its network of destinations to reach global markets and customers. They can also benefit from the availability of skilled labour, infrastructure, technology, and support services in the airport city.
For communities, airport cities offer employment, income, development, and sustainability. They can create jobs and generate revenues for local residents and governments. They can also stimulate urban development and regeneration in surrounding areas. They can also contribute to environmental sustainability by reducing emissions, waste, and energy consumption.
Examples of airport cities around the world
Oslo Airport City: A beacon of sustainability
Abu Dhabi Airports Free Zone: A business concierge service
Abu Dhabi Airports Free Zone (ADAFZ) is a comprehensive business park that offers a range of incentives and facilities for businesses that operate within the free zone area of Abu Dhabi International Airport, Al Ain International Airport and Al Bateen Executive Airport.
ADAFZ provides a one-stop shop service for registration, licensing, visa, property leasing and management, telephone and broadband, and other support services. It also offers 100% foreign ownership, 0% tax and custom duties, and a simple 7-working days registration and licensing process.
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ADAFZ caters to various sectors such as aviation, aerospace, logistics, cargo, light manufacturing, services, and trade. It also hosts a number of multinational corporations such as Boeing, Airbus, Etihad Airways, Rolls-Royce, GE Aviation, and Lockheed Martin.
Incheon International Airport: A sport, event and entertainment centre
Incheon International Airport (ICN) is the largest airport in South Korea and one of the busiest and best airports in the world. It is the main hub for Korean Air, Asiana Airlines, Jeju Air, and Polar Air Cargo. It also serves as a gateway to Seoul and other destinations in East Asia.
ICN is not only an airport but also a sport, event and entertainment centre that offers a variety of attractions and amenities for passengers and visitors. It has a golf course, spa, private sleeping rooms, an ice skating rink, a casino, indoor gardens, a video game centre and the Museum of Korean Culture. It also has a duty-free shopping mall that has been rated the world's best for three years in a row by Business Traveller.
Challenges and opportunities for airport city development
Environmental impacts and mitigation strategies
Airport cities, like any other urban development, have environmental impacts that need to be addressed and mitigated. These impacts include noise, air, water and soil pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, land use and habitat loss, and waste generation.
Some of the strategies that airport cities can adopt to reduce their environmental footprint are:
Using renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, or geothermal power.
Implementing energy efficiency measures such as LED lighting, smart meters, or green roofs.
Applying water conservation and recycling techniques such as rainwater harvesting, greywater reuse, or low-flow fixtures.
Enhancing natural and green spaces such as parks, gardens, or wetlands.
Promoting sustainable transportation modes such as public transit, electric vehicles, or bicycles.
Adopting waste management practices such as composting, recycling, or biodegradable packaging.
Planning and design factors for airport city integration
Airport cities also face planning and design challenges that need to be overcome to ensure their integration with the airport and the surrounding areas. These challenges include:
Ensuring compatibility and coordination between the airport and the airport city functions and operations.
Providing adequate and accessible infrastructure and services for the airport city users and residents.
Creating a distinctive and attractive identity and image for the airport city.
Ensuring safety and security for the airport city facilities and activities.
Balancing the needs and interests of different stakeholders such as airport authorities, developers, investors, tenants, customers, and communities.
Stakeholder involvement and collaboration for airport city success
Airport cities require stakeholder involvement and collaboration to achieve their success. Stakeholders are those who have an interest or influence in the airport city development and operation. They include:
Airport authorities: They are responsible for managing the airport operations and facilities, as well as providing land and infrastructure for the airport city development.
Developers: They are responsible for designing, building, financing, and marketing the airport city projects.
Investors: They are responsible for providing capital and funding for the airport city development.
Tenants: They are responsible for leasing or occupying the airport city properties and facilities.
Customers: They are responsible for using or consuming the airport city services and amenities.
Communities: They are responsible for living or working in or near the airport city area.
Stakeholder involvement and collaboration can help to:
Identify and address the needs and expectations of different stakeholder groups.
Create a shared vision and goals for the airport city development.
Enhance communication and information sharing among stakeholders.
Resolve conflicts and disputes among stakeholders.
Foster trust and cooperation among stakeholders.
The future of airport cities and aerotropolises
How technology and innovation will shape airport cities
Airport cities will continue to evolve and innovate with the advancement of technology. Some of the trends that will shape the future of airport cities are:
Digitalization: Airport cities will leverage digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, internet of things, or blockchain to enhance their efficiency, productivity, security, customer service, and sustainability.
Mobility: Airport cities will embrace new modes of mobility such as autonomous vehicles, hyperloop, drones, or flying taxis to improve their accessibility, connectivity, safety, and convenience.
Circularity: Airport cities will adopt circular economy principles such as reducing waste, reusing resources, or regenerating value to minimize their environmental impact and maximize their social benefit.
How airport cities will become destinations in their own right
Airport cities will also become destinations in their own right that attract visitors not only for transit but also for leisure or business purposes. Some of the factors that will make airport cities more appealing as destinations are:
Diversity: Airport cities will offer a wide range of services and amenities that cater to different tastes, preferences, and needs of visitors. They will also showcase the local culture, heritage, and identity of the host city or country.
Quality: Airport cities will provide high-quality facilities and standards that ensure the comfort, safety, and satisfaction of visitors. They will also adopt best practices and certifications that demonstrate their excellence and reputation.
Experience: Airport cities will create memorable and unique experiences that engage and delight visitors. They will also use storytelling and gamification techniques that make visitors feel part of the airport city story.
How airport cities will contribute to global connectivity and accessibility
Airport cities will also contribute to global connectivity and accessibility by facilitating the movement of people, goods, and information across borders and regions. Some of the ways that airport cities will enhance global connectivity and accessibility are:
Integration: Airport cities will integrate with other modes of transport such as rail, road, or sea to provide seamless and multimodal travel options for passengers and cargo.
Collaboration: Airport cities will collaborate with other airport cities and aerotropolises to form networks and alliances that share resources, knowledge, and opportunities.
Inclusion: Airport cities will include and empower marginalized and underserved groups such as women, youth, or low-income communities to access and benefit from the airport city development.
Conclusion
Summary of main points
In conclusion, airport cities are urban centres that are located within or around airports, offering a variety of services and amenities for passengers, businesses, and communities. They are at the core of aerotropolises, which are metropolitan subregions whose infrastructure, land use, and economy are centred on airports.
Airport cities have evolved from transport hubs to urban centres due to the increasing demand for air travel, the globalization of business, and the diversification of airport revenue sources. They offer many benefits for different stakeholders such as convenience, competitiveness, employment, income, development, and sustainability.
Airport cities also face many challenges such as environmental impacts, planning and design factors, and stakeholder involvement. They need to adopt strategies such as using renewable energy sources, enhancing natural and green spaces, promoting sustainable transportation modes, ensuring compatibility and coordination between the airport and the airport city functions and operations, creating a distinctive and attractive identity and image for the airport city, ensuring safety and security for the airport city facilities and activities, balancing the needs and interests of different stakeholders such as airport authorities, developers, investors, tenants, customers, and communities.
Airport cities also have many opportunities for future development such as digitalization, mobility, circularity, diversity, quality, experience, integration, collaboration, and inclusion. They will leverage technology and innovation to enhance their efficiency, productivity, security, customer service, and sustainability. They will also become destinations in their own right that attract visitors for leisure or business purposes. They will also contribute to global connectivity and accessibility by facilitating the movement of people, goods, and information across borders and regions.
Recommendations for further research and action
Airport cities are a fascinating and emerging phenomenon that deserve further research and action. Some of the recommendations for future research and action are:
Conducting more empirical studies and case studies on the impacts, challenges, and opportunities of airport city development in different contexts and regions.
Developing more theoretical frameworks and models to understand and explain the dynamics and mechanisms of airport city development and operation.
Establishing more standards and guidelines to measure and evaluate the performance and quality of airport city development and operation.
Creating more platforms and forums to share and exchange best practices and lessons learned from airport city development and operation.
Engaging more stakeholders and partners to foster dialogue and cooperation for airport city development and operation.
Airport cities are not only urban centres but also catalysts for change. They have the potential to transform the way we travel, work, and live in the 21st century. They are also a reflection of our aspirations and values as a global society. By understanding and embracing airport cities, we can create a better future for ourselves and others.
FAQs
What is an airport city?
An airport city is the inside the fence area of a large airport, including the airport terminals and on-airport businesses such as air cargo, logistics, offices, retail, and hotels.
What is an aerotropolis?
An aerotropolis is a metropolitan subregion whose infrastructure, land use, and economy are centred on an airport.
What are the benefits of airport cities?
Airport cities offer many benefits for passengers, businesses, and communities such as convenience, comfort, choice, experience, competitiveness, efficiency, innovation, growth, employment, income, development, and sustainability.
What are the challenges of airport cities?
Airport cities face many challenges such as environmental impacts, planning and design factors, and stakeholder involvement. They need to adopt strategies such as using renewable energy sources, enhancing natural and green spaces, promoting sustainable transportation modes, ensuring compatibility and coordination between the airport and the airport city functions and operations, creating a distinctive and attractive identity and image for the airport city, ensuring safety and security for the airport city facilities and activities, balancing the needs and interests of different stakeholders such as airport authorities, developers, investors, tenants, customers, and communities.
What are the opportunities for airport cities?
Airport cities have many opportunities for future development such as digitalization, mobility, circularity, diversity, quality, experience, integration, collaboration, and inclusion. They will leverage technology and innovation to enhance their efficiency, productivity, security, customer service, and sustainability. They will also become destinations in their own right that attract visitors for leisure or business purposes. They will also contribute to global connectivity and accessibility by facilitating the movement of people, goods, and information across borders and regions.
How can I learn more about airport cities?
You can learn more about airport cities by reading books, articles, reports, or websites that cover this topic. Some of the sources that you can check out are:
The Aerotropolis: The Way We'll Live Next by John D. Kasarda and Greg Lindsay
Airport Cities: The Evolution by Paul Stephen Dempsey
Airport Urbanism: Infrastructure and Mobility in Asia by Max Hirsh
The Airport City Development Concepts website by Airport City Development Concepts
The Airport World magazine by Airports Council International
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